Chenonceau has its roots in art and leisure, but its unique position spanning the river gave it a heroic role during the twentieth century. During the First World War, the owner at the time, Gaston Menier, transformed the long gallery over the water into a military hospital, installing 120 beds to treat over 2,000 wounded soldiers. Even more remarkably, during the Second World War, the River Cher served as the demarcation line between Nazi-occupied France and the Free Zone. The entrance of the château was in the German-occupied side, but the door at the far end of the gallery opened into the free zone. Under the cover of night, members of the Menier family and the French Resistance used the gallery to smuggle hundreds of people to safety, turning this pleasure palace into a vital corridor for freedom.