Believe it or not, the primary sculptor of these hoodoos is not wind or water flowing in a river, but the quiet force of ice. This area is unique because it undergoes more than 200 freeze-thaw cycles every single year. During the day, melting snow seeps into the tiny cracks of the limestone. At night, that water freezes and expands, acting like a giant wedge that slowly pushes the rocks apart. This process, known as frost wedging, combined with slightly acidic rainwater that dissolves the limestone, creates these thin walls of rock called fins. Eventually, these fins develop holes, or windows, which collapse to leave behind the free-standing spires. This layer of rock, the Claron Formation, was deposited nearly 50 million years ago in ancient lake beds. The vibrant reds and oranges you see are actually iron oxide, essentially rust, trapped within the stone. It is a slow-motion drama where the rim of the canyon retreats by about one foot every century.