Welcome to Stirling Castle, one of the most magnificent and historically significant fortresses in the United Kingdom. As you stand here at the Top of the Town, you are literally standing on ancient history. The castle is perched atop Castle Hill, an intrusive volcanic sill that was formed over three hundred and fifty million years ago. This dramatic crag was sculpted by retreating ice sheets ten thousand years ago, leaving the sheer cliffs you see on three sides that made this one of the most impregnable strongholds in Scotland. Take a moment to orient yourself; as you look out from these heights, imagine how many generations of kings, queens, and soldiers have stood exactly where you are, scanning the horizon for approaching armies. To your north, the Highlands begin to rise, and below you flows the River Forth, the traditional boundary between the north and south of the country.