The palace you see today was born from a literal disaster. On Christmas Eve of 1734, a massive fire broke out in the old Moorish fortress, known as the Alcázar, which had stood on this spot for centuries. The fire burned for four days, destroying countless masterpieces by artists like Velázquez. In the aftermath, King Philip the Fifth, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain, decided to build a new palace that would symbolize the power of his family, insisting it be constructed entirely of stone and brick to ensure it would never burn again. He commissioned some of the greatest Italian architects of the eighteenth century, starting with Filippo Juvarra and later his disciple, Giambattista Sacchetti, to create this Enlightenment masterpiece. If you are planning your day, a practical pointer is to visit on a Wednesday or Saturday morning between eleven and two; you can witness the Changing of the Guard right here in the square, a tradition that brings hundreds of years of military history to life.