Welcome to the Piazza dei Miracoli, or the Square of Miracles—a title given to this stunning complex by the poet Gabriele d'Annunzio. You are standing before one of the most recognizable structures on the planet: the Leaning Tower of Pisa.[1] [2] Interestingly, this tower was never meant to be a solo act. It is actually the freestanding bell tower, or campanile, for the massive Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption located right next to it. As you look at its gleaming white marble facade, notice how it stands as part of a trio alongside the Cathedral and the round Baptistery. While the tower is famous for its tilt, it was designed to reflect the wealth and military power of the medieval maritime Republic of Pisa at its peak. Take a moment to walk around the base and look up. Can you feel the dizzying shift of the marble columns as they rise into the sky? Today, we are going to explore why this architectural mistake became a global icon and how modern science eventually stepped in to keep it from toppling over entirely.