Welcome to Saint Peter's Square, one of the most recognizable and awe-inspiring public spaces in the world. As you stand here, you are surrounded by two hundred and eighty-four massive columns designed by the master architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the seventeenth century. He envisioned these colonnades as the soul-searching arms of the Church, reaching out to embrace visitors in a giant welcoming gesture. In the very center of the square stands an ancient Egyptian obelisk, originally brought to Rome by Emperor Caligula in the first century. Known as The Witness, this red granite monolith once stood in a Roman circus nearby and likely saw the very events that gave this location its name. Take a moment to look up at the facade of the basilica itself, which stretches over one hundred and fifteen meters wide and is crowned by thirteen giant statues, including Christ the Redeemer and his apostles. You are standing at the threshold of a monument that took one hundred and twenty years to complete, a testament to the sheer ambition of the Renaissance spirit.